Useful unix commands

##  A "pound sign" (far left) or a "hash mark" indiate a comment
##  Unix does not use capital letters (in general) so I will
##       use CAPITAL LETTERS to indicate "do something intelligent here"


A note on the UHDAS computer window manager:

(1) mouse button behavior

 left:   select text, double-click on icons
 center: paste text
 right:  usually gives a menu

(2) KDE destop:
       command "kedit" brings up a text editor
       command "kedit FILE" will edit FILE
    Gnome destop:
       command "gedit" brings up a text editor
       command "gedit FILE" will edit FILE

(3) UHDAS command "showlast.py" is very useful for monitoring data
    logging.

               showlast.py -a 6         #show last 6 Ascii lines of raw files
               showlast.py -l 6         #show last 6 Logging (raw) files
               showlast.py -r 6         #show last 6 Rbin (intermediate) files
               showlast.py -g 6         #show last 6 Gbin (intermediate) files



UNIX command            # what it does
--------                # --------------------------------

#---------------------- # looking at files -----

cat FILE                # print the contents of FILE to the screen

head FILE               # print the top of the file to the screen

head -40 FILE           # top 40 lines


tail FILE               # print the end of the file to the screen

tail -40 FILE           # print the last 40 lines to the screen


less FILE               # prints FILE to screen, one page at a time
                             # space bar goes down a page
                             # "b" key goes Back one page
                             # <return> goes forward one line at a time
                             # "q" Quits the file
                             # /TEXT  searches for "TEXT"

grep STRING FILE        # prints out all instances of STRING in FILE
                        # eg. "grep tty /home/adcp/configs/sensor_cfg.py"
                        # eg. "grep h_align /home/adcp/configs/cruise_proc.m__"


#---------------------- # file manipuation -----


cp FILE1 FILE2          # copy FILE1 to FILE2

rm JUNKFILE             # remove (delete) JUNKFILE

mv FILE1 NEWNAME        # move the file from FILE1 to NEWNAME
                        # like "cp FILE1 NEWNAME; rm FILE1"

#---------------------- # file properties -----

ls ABC*                 # list all files starting with ABC (like "dir")
ls *.m                  # list all files ending with ".m"

ls -l                   # long listing: permissions, size, owner, date
                        #     sorted by name

ls -lt                  # long listing sorted by time (date)
ls -ltr                 # long listing with newest at the bottom

ls -lR                  # long listing, recursive

df                      # "Disk Full" (what is mounted and how full are they)


#---------------------- # getting around -----

cd                      # Change Directories (default is home directory)
                        #     home dirctory for adcp is /home/adcp
cd DIRECTORY            # Change Directories to DIRECTORY

pwd                     # Print Working Directory ("where am I?")


#-------------------------- # pipes ---------
                            #
                            # a pipe takes input on the left and sends
                            #             output to the right
                            #
                            # commands are connected together with pipes to
                            #         give the desired result
                            # ---------------------------------

cat FILE | less             # same thing as "less FILE"

grep STR LONGFILE | less    # sends all instances of STR to the screen
                            #     in a managable manner (using 'less')

head -1000 FILE | tail -20  #print lines 980-100 in FILE

ls -ltr | tail              # long listing of most recent 10 files

ls -lR | less               # recursive long listing piped through 'less'





# ... and there are many more